In the News..

Findings will aid in updating national greenhouse gas emission inventories Researchers at University of Galway have created a new approach to finding peat soil, giving insight to where carbon is stored in the ground. Through a combination of state-of-the-art analytical techniques and data from the Geological Survey Ireland nationwide Tellus aerial survey, the research team has provided a revised picture of where peat soils are present across 80 % of Ireland, based on environmental gamma radiation measurements. The findings also offer huge potential to influence policy around land use and interventions to mitigate against greenhouse gas emissions. The study was led by Dr Eve Daly and Dr Dave O’Leary from the Hydrogeophysics and Remote Sensing research group at University of Galway in collaboration with Trinity College Dublin, Teagasc and Geological Survey Ireland. Lead author, Dr Dave O’Leary, PhD researcher, School of Natural Sciences, University of Galway, said: “Gamma rays are invisible, high-energy photons, like light, that are released during natural radioactive decay of materials in rocks and soils. Peat soils have a unique ability to block this type of naturally occurring radiation, drastically reducing the number of gamma rays detected by the sensor mounted on the Tellus aircraft when flying over peat soils.”  The research team focused on this trait of peat soils to train a machine learning algorithm to identify and provide confidence of similar soils occurring in the top 60 cm of the land where the Tellus survey has been flown to date. While peat depth cannot be directly measured this new analysis gave insights into the extent of peat soil and, importantly, identified the areas where soil changes from peat to mineral, which are typically hidden under things like forests and grasslands. Using this new research approach, the area of soil considered “peaty” within the Tellus geophysical survey potentially increased from 24 % to 30 %. The findings have been published in the leading soil science journal Geoderma.  Soils are a mixture of broken bits of rock, water, and air. Peat soils are distinct from mineral soils as they are formed from decaying plant material, mixed with water and air, and contain a very high amount of carbon. When waterlogged, this carbon is stored in the soils and their value has been increasingly recognised in recent years. When water is removed, for example via drainage, peat soils then emit carbon dioxide as the decay process restarts. Dr O’Leary added: “In general, people are relatively familiar or have heard of radon, but what they might not know is that this is a by-product of naturally occurring uranium in the rocks below our feet, which also emits gamma radiation. There are several sources of this natural radiation in the environment and our study uses the unique relationship between this radiation and peat soils to identify where peat is likely to be present.” “The Tellus survey has provided consistent coverage and measurements across about 80 % of the country at present. As this is a direct measurement from the soil, it allows us to create maps with boundaries showing realistic change from peat to mineral soils, regardless of what is covering the ground, be it trees or grass.” “Few countries have invested in such an incredible dataset, which puts Ireland at the forefront of peatland mapping research. Importantly, the data is free to use. We hope that our research will encourage and incentivise other countries to invest in such surveys to meet their peatland mapping needs.” Dr Eve Daly, Geophysicist and lecturer in Earth & Ocean Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, University of Galway, said: “This study gives decision makers and regulators more accurate spatial data on the extent of peat soil in Ireland and will assist in highlighting specific areas that are suitable, or not, for interventions to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions.” The study was funded by Geological Survey Ireland, a division of the Department of the Environment, Climate and Communications. The full study can be read in Geoderma here: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0016706124003586   Ends  

University of Galway has announced the appointment of Dr Tom Melvin as an Associate Professor to support its mission of advancing clinical trial methodologies and regulatory science. The appointment of Dr Melvin a globally recognised expert in medical device regulation, will enhance the Institute for Clinical Trial’s collaboration with the medtech industry, supporting innovation and the development of safe, effective medical technologies. Through his expertise, Dr Melvin will provide strategic guidance on regulatory pathways, ensuring that cutting-edge medical devices can reach patients efficiently while maintaining the highest safety and ethical standards. Launched in 2023, the Institute for Clinical Trials is dedicated to transforming how clinical trials are designed, conducted and translated into practice, with a strong focus on industry partnerships, education and regulatory leadership.             Professor Melvin said: “I am delighted to be joining University of Galway’s Institute for Clinical Trials - a place where operational and scientific excellence drive the ambition to rapidly translate research into impact. The translational development of a new medical technology is a complex journey that has become more challenging as a result of the revised framework for the regulation of medical devices in Europe. “The Institute for Clinical Trials is playing a vital role in supporting developers to translate their technology from idea and prototype to first clinical use. I look forward to providing support to medical technology developers, and to engage in research to develop improved methodological approaches for the evaluation of medical technologies.”             Professor Fidelma Dunne, Director of the Institute for Clinical Trials at University of Galway, said: “Dr Melvin’s expertise in medical device regulation will be invaluable to the Institute for Clinical Trials at University of Galway. His appointment strengthens our position as a leader in clinical trials and regulatory science, reinforcing our role in supporting industry and academic partners in bringing new innovations to patients.”             Professor Martin O’Donnell, Dean of University of Galway’s College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, welcomed the appointment: "Expanding the expertise and capacity of the Institute for Clinical Trials is a key priority as we build a world-class environment for clinical research. Dr Melvin’s appointment reflects our commitment to growing a team of leading experts who will drive innovation and impact in clinical trials and medical device regulation. His knowledge and leadership will be instrumental in further strengthening the Institute’s role in supporting industry, academia, and healthcare in Ireland and beyond." Dr Melvin brings extensive experience from his role as Associate Professor in Medical Device Regulatory Affairs at Trinity College Dublin and his previous positions as Clinical Manager and Senior Medical Officer for medical devices at the Health Products Regulatory Authority and Chair of the European Commission Clinical Investigation and Evaluation Working Group. He is also Chair of the Regulatory Affairs Committee of the Biomedical Alliance in Europe, and a member of the Regulatory Affairs Committee of the European Society of Cardiology, the National Research Ethics Committee for Medical Devices, and the European Medicines Agency Expert Panels for Medical Devices. Ends

A University of Galway project archiving the letters and memoirs of Irish emigrants to North America has been awarded a grant of $300,000 from Carnegie Corporation of New York, a philanthropic foundation devoted to reducing political polarization through support for education, democracy, and peace. The project entitled Imirce - an Irish-language word for migration - has created a publicly accessible online digital collection of letters, memoirs and other documents written and composed by Irish people who emigrated to North America from the 1600s through to the 20th century. The Imirce digital collection was made possible by historian Kerby A. Miller, Emeritus Professor of History at University of Missouri, donating his vast collection of transcripts of Irish emigrant writings to University of Galway’s Library. The University committed to making these materials available online and continuing the work of collection through regular appeals for additional material. The support of Carnegie will enable the expansion of the digital archive, the development of teaching resources and the enhancement of data visualisation, while allowing the project team to conduct research on aspects of the collection. On Thursday March 13th, the Imirce team will give an overview of the material received by the project over the past year. Among these are: 20 letters, rescued from a New York City skip in the 1960s, sent to the Walsh/ O'Reilly sisters from Tipperary in the 1930s More than 100 letters from descendants of the Boyle family from Killaneen townland, Co Leitrim, showing the emigration patterns across four generations of the family, beginning in 1893 and concluding in 1994 A postcard album compiled in the 1920s containing US souvenirs and greeting cards sent to, and collected by, a woman in Lissanode, Co Westmeath Individual letters showing daring adventures and close calls, including two letters written by an Irishman from Co Offaly who was shipwrecked on Easter Island, and a postcard sent from Cobh in 1912 by an emigrant who narrowly missed the sinking of the Titanic by delaying her journey to New York by one day A memoir detailing the experiences of a Tipperary-born Cunard line purser in the 1950s Professor Becky Whay, Interim Deputy President and Registrar of University of Galway, said: “The Imirce project at University of Galway is an extraordinary gateway to the lives of some of the millions of Irish people who emigrated across the Atlantic - the vast majority of whom had no choice but to seek a new life. The support of the Carnegie Corporation is a testament to the uniqueness of this collection and the value which the project places on preserving the first-hand experience of the Irish diaspora. Huge credit goes to the project team, the academics and researchers, as well as our Library and Special Collections for bringing those personal stories to life.” Dame Louise Richardson, President of Carnegie Corporation of New York, said: “The founder of our foundation, Andrew Carnegie, provides one of the great immigration stories. He started life as a poor boy in Scotland before emigrating in 1848 to America, where he began work in a cotton factory before making his fortune in steel. He then gave away this fortune through his philanthropy. He never lost touch with his homeland and often wrote about the important role of immigrants in America. Today we honor his legacy by supporting the University of Galway’s stewardship in digitizing and preserving the stories of emigrants, making these historical artifacts accessible both to the curious and the scholarly for the benefit of us all.” Daniel Carey, Professor of English at University of Galway and Secretary of the Royal Irish Academy, said: “Carnegie Corporation’s support for the Imirce project is a breakthrough moment. Its encouragement will enable us not only to provide new material for our many users, but also to enhance the database with new visual tools, alongside resources for teachers and students to interpret this important material.” Speaking about Imirce, Breandán Mac Suibhne, Professor of Modern Irish History, said:  “The letters and memoirs being made accessible via the Imirce database allow scholars of Irish and North American history to connect, across time, with generations of emigrants—the better to understand what was involved in leaving one home to make another. And for the descendants of those emigrants, it is an opportunity to reconnect, across the broad Atlantic, with the home that they left behind. It is particularly apposite that Imirce is located at the University of Galway, an institution in the very part Ireland that, from the time of the Great Famine, was most deeply defined by emigration to the United States and Canada.”  Catriona Cannon, Head of Heritage Collections and Digitisation at University of Galway Library, said: “The support of Carnegie Corporation of New York will allow us to both expand the Imirce digital collection through the addition of new material and to enhance users’ experience through improved visualisations of the data. The growth of Imirce further enhances the many ways our collections illustrate the long and varied history of cultural, social, and political exchange between North America and Ireland in particular, while also providing an invaluable record of the impact and experience of the Irish overseas. The University of Galway Library is delighted to have the opportunity to continue this work to preserve and facilitate meaningful research into this material.” The Imirce project is continuing to accept donations of emigrant letters and memoirs. To learn more about the project and how to contribute, visit Imirce.universityofgalway.ie Carnegie Corporation of New York was established by Andrew Carnegie in 1911 to promote the advancement and diffusion of knowledge and understanding. Today the foundation works to reduce political polarization through philanthropic support for the issues that Carnegie considered most important: education, democracy, and peace. Carnegie Corporation of New York awards grants totalling approximately $200 million a year in the areas of education, democracy, and peace. Ends